23 results
3 Fluoride Exposure and Hypothyroidism in Pregnant Women: A Potential Mechanism of Fluoride Neurotoxicity
- Meaghan Hall, Bruce Lanphear, Jonathan Chevrier, Richard Hornung, Rivka Green, Carly Goodman, Pierre Ayotte, E. Angeles Martinez-Mier, Christine Till
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 866-867
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Objective:
Fluoride exposure has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, but fluoride's impact on thyroid function in pregnancy is unclear, especially during early gestation when the fetus is dependent on maternal thyroid hormone. We examined the potential thyroid-disrupting effects of maternal fluoride exposure in pregnancy and tested whether thyroid disruption in pregnancy mediates the association between maternal fluoride exposure and child intelligence quotient (IQ) among Canadian mother-child dyads living in areas with optimal fluoridation.
Participants and Methods:We measured fluoride concentrations in drinking water and in spot urine samples collected in each trimester from pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. We also measured thyroid hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], free thyroxine [FT4], and total thyroxine [TT4]) levels during the first trimester of pregnancy and categorized women as euthyroid (n=1301), subclinical hypothyroid (n=100), or primary hypothyroid (n=28). Those categorized as primary hypothyroid were combined with an additional 79 women who reported clinical diagnoses at time of study enrolment (total n=107). In a sample of 1508 women, we used logistic regression to estimate the association between fluoride exposure and risk of either subclinical or primary hypothyroidism, separately, and linear regression to estimate associations between fluoride exposure and women's thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT4, TT4). We tested effect modification by child sex and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody status. In a subsample of 439 mother-child pairs, we measured child Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) at 3-4 years of age using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. We used linear regression to test associations between maternal hypothyroidism or thyroid hormone levels, and children's FSIQ scores. Finally, mediation analysis in the counterfactual framework was used to estimate the proportion of the effect of maternal fluoride exposure on child FSIQ mediated by maternal hypothyroidism, through evaluation of the natural direct (not through hypothyroidism) and indirect (through hypothyroidism) effects.
Results:Using categorical measures of thyroid status, a 0.5 mg/L increase in water fluoride concentration was associated with a 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.58) increased odds of primary hypothyroidism. This association was stronger among women with normal TPO antibody levels (< 5.61 IU/mL) (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.24 to 6.36). In contrast, we did not find a significant association between maternal urinary fluoride and hypothyroidism. For continuous measures of thyroid hormone levels, a 1 mg/L increase in maternal urinary fluoride was associated with a 35% (p=0.01) increase in TSH among women pregnant with a female fetus. In our subsample analyses, children born to women with primary hypothyroidism had lower FSIQ than children of euthyroid women, especially among boys (B, 8.78; 95% CI, -16.78 to -0.79). In contrast, maternal TSH, FT4, and TT4 levels were not significantly associated with child FSIQ scores. Maternal primary hypothyroidism did not significantly mediate the relationship between maternal water fluoride concentration and child FSIQ (p natural indirect effect= .35).
Conclusions:Fluoride in drinking water may increase the risk of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy may be one mechanism underlying developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride.
2 Sex difference of Developmental Neurotoxicants on Intellectual Abilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Carly V Goodman, Rivka Green, Allya DaCosta, David Flora, Bruce Lanphear, Christine Till
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 865-866
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Objective:
Early life exposures to lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybromide diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and phthalates have been associated with diminished IQ scores in children. Some studies suggest that these neurotoxicants impact boys and girls differently. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and quantify sex differences in IQ deficits from pre- and post-natal exposures to these developmental neurotoxicants.
Participants and Methods:We used PubMed and PsychINFO to screen abstracts of articles published between January 1, 1950 and December 31, 2021 for empirical studies of six neurotoxicants [lead, mercury, PCBs, PBDEs, OPPs, and/or phthalates] that (1) used an individualized biomarker; (2) measured exposure during the prenatal period or within the first six years of life; and (3) provided different effect estimates on children's intellectual abilities by sex. We assessed each study for risk of bias using Navigation Guide (Woodruff & Sutton, 2014). For studies with combinable data, we performed separate random effects meta-analyses for boys and girls with subgroup analyses by neurotoxicant. To homogenize the magnitude of effect observed in each study, we recalculated results to be expressed as the absolute change in intellectual abilities for a relative change of 1.5 times (i.e., 50% increase) in the exposure variable.
Results:Of 3205 studies screened, 53 met inclusion criteria: 34 evaluated prenatal exposure, 11 postnatal exposure, and 8 both pre- and post-natal exposure. We generally rated these studies as "low" to "probably low" risk of bias. Among the studies examining prenatal exposure, 27 reported no significant differences between the sexes, 7 found negative associations in boys, 4 found negative associations in girls, 5 found negative nonsignificant associations in boys and positive nonsignificant associations in girls, and 3 found no clear pattern, where differences by sex depended on the specific phthalate compound or outcome measurement. Among the studies examining postnatal exposure, 14 reported no significant differences between the sexes, 1 found a negative association in boys, 2 found negative associations in girls, and 2 found positive associations for either boys or girls. In our meta-analysis of 16 studies (4 lead, 4 mercury, 2 PBDEs, 2 OPPs, 4 phthalates), we found that prenatal exposure to developmental neurotoxicants was associated with decreased full-scale intelligence in boys (B = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.08), but not girls (B = 0.09; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.31). In subgroup analyses by neurotoxicant, prenatal exposure to lead (B = -1.07; 95% CI: -1.63, -0.52), and ZPBDEs (B = -0.57; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.01) were associated with decreased full-scale intelligence in boys, whereas the girls' effect sizes were consistently near zero.
Conclusions:During fetal development, boys appear to be more vulnerable than girls to IQ deficits from neurotoxic exposures, and especially from lead and PBDEs. More research is needed to examine the nuanced sex-specific effects found for postnatal exposures to toxic chemicals.
5 Translating developmental neurotoxicity for the public: A large, international, randomized-control trial investigating children's environmental health literacy
- Rivka Green, Christine Till, Allya DaCosta, Jana El-Sabbagh, Carly Goodman, David Flora, Erica Phipps, Bruce Lanphear
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 868-869
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Objective:
Exposure to toxic chemicals during early brain development increases the risk of neurodevelopmental problems in children. Parents' and prospective parents' understanding of the impact of toxic chemicals on brain development and the efficacy of translation tools for children's environmental health literacy are poorly understood. We developed and validated a questionnaire, PRevention of Toxic chemicals in the Environment for Children Tool (PRoTECT) to assess knowledge of toxic chemicals and neurodevelopment, intentions to reduce exposures to toxic chemicals, and preferences for actions by government and industry to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders. Using PRoTECT, we surveyed people of child-bearing age across five countries (Canada, United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), India, and Australia) to identify general patterns of responses on this questionnaire by demographic characteristics, including country, age, gender, parental status, pregnancy status, and education. We also employed a randomized control design to examine the efficacy of a knowledge translation video to instill knowledge and prompt behavioral changes to reduce exposures to toxic chemicals immediately following its presentation and after a six-week follow-up period.
Participants and Methods:We recruited 15,594 participants, ages 18 to 45, via CloudResearch's Prime Panels between October-December 2021. After completing the PRoTECT survey, participants were randomly assigned to watch the video Little Things Matter: Impact of Toxic Chemicals on Brain Development (i.e., the experimental group) or to serve as the control group. Next, both groups answered a series of questions to assess their knowledge of toxic chemicals, their intentions to reduce exposures to toxic chemicals, and barriers to changing their behaviours. After six-weeks, we recontacted a subset (N=4,842) of participants to repeat PRoTECT and answer the same series of behavioural questions assessing whether they modified any of their behaviours to reduce exposure and why or why not.
Results:Most participants (i.e., 75-85%) agreed that toxic chemicals can impact brain development and endorsed preferences (∼85%) for allocating more resources to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders, especially people with higher education, parents and pregnant women, and people who lived in India. Despite this, a large proportion of participants (∼50%) trusted industry and believed that government effectively regulated toxic chemicals. After the six-week follow-up, experimental participants showed greater changes in scores on PRoTECT (i.e., between 5-15% change), indicating greater knowledge about harms posed by toxic chemicals, more intentions to reduce exposure, and stronger preferences for prevention as compared to the control group. Differences were larger among people from the US, those who were more highly educated, and people in their thirties. However, the differences between groups in making behavioural changes to reduce exposures were attenuated at the six-week follow up as compared to baseline. Significant barriers to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals were reported by both groups and included cost, inconvenience, and not knowing how to determine whether a product is non-toxic or where to purchase non-toxic products.
Conclusions:We observed greater knowledge and concerns about toxic chemicals among more affluent respondents, pregnant women and parents, and people living in India across both groups. While the video enhanced participants' knowledge about toxic chemicals and intentions to reduce exposure, they indicated that barriers hindered them from making behavioral changes.
Psychosocial impact of being diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: patient and carer perspective
- Nida Munawar, Liam Kennedy, Memoona Usman, Diana Burgui, Irene Bruce, David Robinson, Elaine Greene
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 July 2023, e135
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Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent an intermediate, prodromal phase of dementia. Although persons with MCI (PwMCI) are able to function independently, they often experience reduced ability to carry out their usual activities. This can result in social, emotional and functional challenges.
AimsTo explore the understanding and psychosocial impact of receiving a diagnosis of MCI on patients and carers.
MethodA cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at St James's Hospital Memory Clinic involving patients who attended the clinic for assessment from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2021 and received a diagnosis of MCI. We completed questionnaires with patients and a nominated family member or friend of each patient (FwMCI).
ResultsForty-seven PwMCI participated in the study, and 36 nominated family members and/or friends completed the FwMCI questionnaire. In our cohort of PwMCI, most of the participants were not aware of their diagnosis; only 21% used the term MCI, and only 25% attributed their problems to a pathological cause. The majority of participants had no recollection of any discussion around the likelihood of progression. One-third of participants expressed relief that they did not have dementia. Most PwMCI reported positive psychological well-being and did not endorse symptoms of depression or anxiety. There was slight discordance of illness perception among the PwMCI–FwMCI dyads. Forty-seven per cent of FwMCI reported at least a mild degree of carer burden on the Zarit Burden Scale.
ConclusionsPatients’ awareness of being diagnosed with MCI is relatively limited. Public education campaigns raising awareness about MCI can help influence the ‘illness representation’ for MCI and enable people to seek timely advice and support.
Effects of Herbaceous Weeds on Fourth Year Water Relations and Gas Exchange of Loblolly Pine
- Thomas H. Green, Robert J. Mitchell, Kailash C. Paliwal, Uday V. Pathre, Bruce R. Zutter, Dean H. Gjerstad
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- Weed Technology / Volume 5 / Issue 4 / December 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 753-758
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Stands of four-year-old loblolly pines grown with and without herbaceous competition were compared to determine whether early increases in soil moisture and plant water status had been maintained throughout the first four years. Non-weeded stands tended to have greater soil moisture than weeded stands, although these differences were never statistically significant (P > 0.05). Plant water potential was remarkably similar between treatments, as were photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The increase due to weed control in foliage production early in stand development apparently caused a depletion in available soil moisture to levels similar to non-weeded stands. Therefore, the direct benefit of increased soil resources with weed control is short lived.
Association of Airborne Microorganisms in the Operating Room With Implant Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Rabih O. Darouiche, David M. Green, Melvyn A. Harrington, Bruce L. Ehni, Panagiotis Kougias, Carlos F. Bechara, Daniel P. O’Connor
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / January 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 October 2016, pp. 3-10
- Print publication:
- January 2017
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OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of airborne colony-forming units (CFU) at incision sites during implantation of prostheses with the incidence of either incisional or prosthesis-related surgical site infections.
DESIGNRandomized, controlled trial.
SETTINGPrimary, public institution.
PATIENTSThree hundred patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, instrumented spinal procedures, or vascular bypass graft implantation.
METHODSPatients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. A novel device (Air Barrier System), previously shown to reduce airborne CFU at incision sites, was utilized in the intervention group. Procedures assigned to the control group were performed without the device, under routine operating room atmospheric conditions. Patients were followed up for 12 months to determine whether airborne CFU levels at the incision sites predicted the incidence of incisional or prosthesis-related infection.
RESULTSData were available for 294 patients, 148 in the intervention group and 146 in the control group. CFU density at the incision site was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P<.001). The density of airborne CFU at the incision site during the procedures was significantly related to the incidence of implant infection (P=.021). Airborne CFU densities were 4 times greater in procedures with implant infection versus no implant infection. All 4 of the observed prosthesis infections occurred in the control group.
CONCLUSIONReduction of airborne CFU specifically at the incision site during operations may be an effective strategy to reduce prosthesis-related infections. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01610271
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–8
Cathodoluminescence of Polymeric Materials
- Anahita Pakzad, David J. Stowe, Steve Nagy, Jason R. Mantei, John-Bruce Green
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue S3 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2014, pp. 1996-1997
- Print publication:
- August 2014
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A Qualitative Exploration of Cyber-Bystanders and Moral Engagement
- Deborah Price, Deborah Green, Barbara Spears, Margaret Scrimgeour, Alan Barnes, Ruth Geer, Bruce Johnson
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- Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / June 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 September 2013, pp. 1-17
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- June 2014
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Studies have found that moral disengagement plays a significant role in the continuation of bullying situations (Bonanno, 2005); however, the moral stance of cyber-bystanders — those who witness online bullying — is not yet clear. While research into traditional face-to-face bullying reported that peers would probably or certainly intervene to support victims in 43% of cases (Rigby & Johnson, 2006) actual intervention is reportedly much less (Atlas & Pepler, 1998; Craig & Pepler, 1997). Little is known, however, about the attitudes and behaviours of bystanders or witnesses when online, or their probable intentions to intervene. This study employed three digital animations of typical cyberbullying scenarios to explore young people's views of cyber-bystanders. Youth from Years 8–12 (mean age 15.06, N = 961) from one metropolitan secondary school in Adelaide, South Australia, completed an online survey after watching vignettes. To shed light on the rationale and thinking behind their understanding of bystanders and moral dis/engagement when online, this article reports on the qualitative responses from young people in relation to one of these animations/vignettes. The findings suggest that young people perceive cyber-bystanders to have the capacity to morally engage in cyberbullying incidents; however, there are various barriers to their active positive engagement. The implications can inform educators and school counsellors about possible ways to support students to intervene when they witness cyberbullying.
Contributors
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- By Benjamin Acloque, Yacine Daddi Addoun, Kofi Anyidoho, Felicitas Becker, Alice Bellagamba, Klara Boyer-Rossol, Alessandra Brivio, Benjamin Claude Brower, Francesca Declich, E. S. D. Fomin, Paolo Gaibazzi, Trevor Getz, Sandra E. Greene, Bruce S. Hall, Bayo Holsey, Hilary Jones, Martin A. Klein, George Michael La Rue, Ghislaine Lydon, Kristin Mann, Elisabeth McMahon, Ismael M. Montana, Bruce L. Mouser, Olatunji Ojo, Richard Roberts, Marie Rodet, Ute Röschenthaler, Benedetta Rossi, Dana Rush, Mohammed Bashir Salau, Ahmadou Sehou, Silke Strickrodt, Hideaki Suzuki, Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Pierluigi Valsecchi
- Edited by Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Cornell University, New York, Martin A. Klein, University of Toronto
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- Book:
- African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 13 May 2013, pp xi-xvi
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- By H. Elliott Albers, Reut Avinun, Karen L. Bales, Jorge A. Barraza, Michael T. Bowen, Sunny K. Boyd, Heather K. Caldwell, Elena Choleris, Amy E. Clipperton-Allen, Bruce S. Cushing, Monica B. Dhakar, Riccardo Dore, Richard P. Ebstein, Craig F. Ferris, Sara M. Freeman, James L. Goodson, Joshua J. Green, Haruhiro Higashida, Eric Hollander, Salomon Israel, Martin Kavaliers, Keith M. Kendrick, Ariel Knafo, Yoav Litvin, Olga Lopatina, David Mankuta, Iain S. McGregor, Richard H. Melloni, Inga D. Neumann, Jerome H. Pagani, Cort A. Pedersen, Donald W. Pfaff, Anna Phan, Benjamin J. Ragen, Amina Sarwat, Idan Shalev, Erica L. Stevenson, Bonnie Taylor, Richmond R. Thompson, Florina Uzefovsky, Erwin H. van den Burg, James C. Walton, Scott R. Wersinger, Nurit Yirmiya, Larry J. Young, W. Scott Young, Paul J. Zak
- Edited by Elena Choleris, University of Guelph, Ontario, Donald W. Pfaff, Rockefeller University, New York, Martin Kavaliers, University of Western Ontario
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- Book:
- Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 11 April 2013, pp xi-xiv
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VAST: An ASKAP Survey for Variables and Slow Transients
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- TARA MURPHY, SHAMI CHATTERJEE, DAVID L. KAPLAN, JAY BANYER, MARTIN E. BELL, HAYLEY E. BIGNALL, GEOFFREY C. BOWER, ROBERT A. CAMERON, DAVID M. COWARD, JAMES M. CORDES, STEVE CROFT, JAMES R. CURRAN, S. G. DJORGOVSKI, SEAN A. FARRELL, DALE A. FRAIL, B. M. GAENSLER, DUNCAN K. GALLOWAY, BRUCE GENDRE, ANNE J. GREEN, PAUL J. HANCOCK, SIMON JOHNSTON, ATISH KAMBLE, CASEY J. LAW, T. JOSEPH W. LAZIO, KITTY K. LO, JEAN-PIERRE MACQUART, NANDA REA, UMAA REBBAPRAGADA, CORMAC REYNOLDS, STUART D. RYDER, BRIAN SCHMIDT, ROBERTO SORIA, INGRID H. STAIRS, STEVEN J. TINGAY, ULF TORKELSSON, KIRI WAGSTAFF, MARK WALKER, RANDALL B. WAYTH, PETER K. G. WILLIAMS
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 30 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2013, e006
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The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) will give us an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the transient sky at radio wavelengths. In this paper we present VAST, an ASKAP survey for Variables and Slow Transients. VAST will exploit the wide-field survey capabilities of ASKAP to enable the discovery and investigation of variable and transient phenomena from the local to the cosmological, including flare stars, intermittent pulsars, X-ray binaries, magnetars, extreme scattering events, interstellar scintillation, radio supernovae, and orphan afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. In addition, it will allow us to probe unexplored regions of parameter space where new classes of transient sources may be detected. In this paper we review the known radio transient and variable populations and the current results from blind radio surveys. We outline a comprehensive program based on a multi-tiered survey strategy to characterise the radio transient sky through detection and monitoring of transient and variable sources on the ASKAP imaging timescales of 5 s and greater. We also present an analysis of the expected source populations that we will be able to detect with VAST.
Contributors
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- By Charles E. Argoff, Gerard A. Banez, Samantha Boris-Karpel, Barbara K. Bruce, Alexandra S. Bullough, Annmarie Cano, Victor T. Chang, Elizabeth A. Clark, Daniel J. Clauw, June L. Dahl, Tam K. Dao, Amber M. Davis, Courtney L. Dixon, Michael H. Ebert, Robin M. Gallagher, Gerald W. Grass, Carmen R. Green, Jay Gunkelman, Bradford D. Hare, Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite, Jaclyn Heller Issner, W. Michael Hooten, Mark P. Jensen, Mark E. Jones, Robert D. Kerns, Raphael J. Leo, Morris Maizels, Mary E. Murawski, Brooke Myers-Sorger, Akiko Okifuji, Renata Okonkwo, John D. Otis, Stacy C. Parenteau, Laura E. Pence, Donald B. Penzien, Donna B. Pincus, Ellyn Poltrock Stein, Wendy J. Quinton, Jeanetta C. Rains, M. Carrington Reid, Thomas J. Romano, Jeffrey D. Rome, Robert L. Ruff, Suzanne S. Ruff, Steven H. Sanders, Ingra Schellenberg, John J. Sellinger, Howard S. Smith, Brenda Stoelb, Jon Streltzer, Mark D. Sullivan, Kimberly S. Swanson, Gabriel Tan, Stephen Thielke, Beverly E. Thorn, Cynthia O. Townsend, Dennis C. Turk, Stephanie C. Wallio, Lawrence J. Weinberger, David A. Williams, Hilary Wilson
- Edited by Michael H. Ebert, Yale University, Connecticut, Robert D. Kerns, Yale University, Connecticut
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- Book:
- Behavioral and Psychopharmacologic Pain Management
- Published online:
- 10 January 2011
- Print publication:
- 25 November 2010, pp ix-xii
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Jennifer Alvarez, Ananda B. Amstadter, Metin Başoğlu, David M. Benedek, Charles C. Benight, George A. Bonanno, Evelyn J. Bromet, Richard A. Bryant, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, M. L. Somchai Chakkraband, Claude Chemtob, Roman Cieslak, Lauren M. Conoscenti, Joan M. Cook, Judith Cukor, Carla Kmett Danielson, JoAnn Difede, Charles DiMaggio, Anja J.E. Dirkzwager, Cristiane S. Duarte, Jon D. Elhai, Diane L. Elmore, Yael L.E. Errera, Julian D. Ford, Carol S. Fullerton, Sandro Galea, Freya Goodhew, Neil Greenberg, Lindsay Greene, Linda Grievink, Michael J. Gruber, Sumati Gupta, Johan M. Havenaar, Alesia O. Hawkins, Clare Henn-Haase, Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, Christina W. Hoven, Sabra S. Inslicht, Krzysztof Kaniasty, Ronald C. Kessler, Rachel Kimerling, Richard V. King, Rolf J. Kleber, Jessica Mass Levitt, Brett T. Litz, Maria Livanou, Katelyn P. Mack, Paula Madrid, Shira Maguen, Paul Maguire, Donald J. Mandell, Charles R. Marmar, Andrea R. Maxwell, Shannon E. McCaslin, Alexander C. McFarlane, Thomas J. Metzler, Summer Nelson, Yuval Neria, Elana Newman, Thomas C. Neylan, Fran H. Norris, Carol S. North, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Benjaporn Panyayong, Maria Petukhova, Betty Pfefferbaum, Marleen Radigan, Beverley Raphael, James Rodriguez, G. James Rubin, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Ebru Şalcıoğlu, Nancy A. Sampson, Arieh Y. Shalev, Bruce Shapiro, Laura M. Stough, Prawate Tantipiwatanaskul, Warunee Thienkrua, Phebe Tucker, J. Blake Turner, Robert J. Ursano, Bellis van den Berg, Peter G. van der Velden, Frits van Griensven, Miranda Van Hooff, Edward Waldrep, Philip S. Wang, Simon Wessely, Leslie H. Wind, C. Joris Yzermans, Heidi M. Zinzow
- Edited by Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Sandro Galea, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Fran H. Norris
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- Mental Health and Disasters
- Published online:
- 07 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 20 July 2009, pp xi-xvi
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Psychosocial correlates of dyslexia across the life span
- Elizabeth A. Boetsch, Phyllis A. Green, Bruce F. Pennington
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 8 / Issue 3 / Summer 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 March 2009, pp. 539-562
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This series of four studies examined the psychosocial functioning of children, adolescents, and adults with developmental dyslexia. One sample of nonreferred dyslexic and nondyslexic men, and three different samples of dyslexic and normally achieving control children and adolescents were studied. The child samples included both clinic-referred and nonreferred populations, and sibling and nonsibling control designs. Variables assessed included depressive and ADHD symptomatology, self-concept and, in the adult sample, socioeconomic status and other life adjustment variables.
We found that, across three samples, children and adolescents report lower global self-worth and lower perceived competence in scholastic domains, more depressive symptomatology, and (both by self- and parent report) more ADHD symptomatology than normal achievers. In contrast, adult dyslexic men, while also perceiving themselves as less intelligent than their peers, reporting more generalized psychological distress, and showing less social mobility, were nonetheless comparable to their peers in terms of global self-worth, depressive symptomatology, and other indices of adult adjustment and satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of a developmental “niche-finding” model, in which the shift into adult life may foster more constructive experiences and internal processes.
The Religious Lawyering Critique
- Bruce A. Green
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- Journal:
- Journal of Law and Religion / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / 2006
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- 24 April 2015, pp. 283-297
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- 2006
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One might think about the relationship between law practice and religion in different ways, depending on how one views either the professional norms or religious belief and observance. Some of the most recent academic literature on “religious lawyering” is premised on a highly critical view of the profession's norms and a claim that religious convictions that bear on the practice of law are incompatible with, and preferable to, aspects of the professional norms. My purpose here is to identify, and raise some questions about, both this critique and this suggestion, and to show how they are in tension with other insights of the religious lawyering literature.
A conception of the relevance of religion to lawyers' work need not begin with a critical view of professional norms and professionalism. On the contrary, one might start with the premise that the legal profession's expectations for law practice are socially and morally laudable, and perceive lawyers' religious convictions as providing support for good lawyering. This was the understanding expressed by Henry A. Boardman, a Presbyterian Minister, in an 1849 oration that was surely among the earliest recorded reflections on the relevance of religion to the work of U.S. lawyers.
Calibration of Residual Speckle Pattern in a Coronagraph
- Michael Shao, Joseph J. Green, Benjamin Lane, James Kent Wallace, Bruce Martin Levine, Rocco Samuele, Shanti Rao, Edouard Schmidtlin
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 1 / Issue C200 / October 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 May 2006, pp. 525-528
- Print publication:
- October 2005
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Ground and space based coronagraphs have been proposed to suppress the light of the star so a planet nearby can be imaged. But even when starlight has been suppressed by $10^{10}$, the residual starlight is as bright as the planet, and must be subtracted to $2*10^{-11}$ for a 5 sigma detection of the planet. For a ground based AO coronagraph, the problem is even more severe. Typically suppression of starlight to $10^{-5}$ of the star is possible and the residual speckle pattern must not have any “bumps” that mimic a planet at $10^{-7}-10^{-8}$. This paper describes a speckle calibration approach that measures the electric field of the light after it exits the coronagraph, in order to estimate the speckle pattern in the image plane. This technique makes use of the coherence of star light or rather the incoherence of starlight to planet light, and has very significant advantages compared to other techniques.
For a space based coronagraph, an alternative approach is to rotate the telescope /coronagraph and subtract two images. The calibration interferometer described here has the advantage that the temporal stability of the system can be relaxed by several orders of magnitude. For a ground based AO coronagraph system this approach has none of the serious limitations of the techniques based on the radial expansion of the speckle pattern with wavelength and enables ground based AO coronagraphs to approach the photon limit rather than the atmospheric limit. The calibration interferometer is being built for a NASA sounding rocket experiment by BU, JPL, MIT, and GSFC (PICTURE) with a 50cm telescope and a nulling coronagraph to be launched in 2007. It is also part of a design study for an extreme AO coronagraph for the Gemini Telescope, and a conceptual study of an extreme AO coronagraph for the TMT.
Materials Engineering Education in Two New Engineering Degree Programs at the Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering
- Richard Paul Corkish, S. R. Wenham, J. Cotter, A. B. Sproul, A. G. Aberle, A. Bruce, M. A. Green
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 909 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 February 2011, 0909-PP02-05
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- 2005
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The establishment, in 2000 and 2003, of new degree programs in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Engineering and Renewable Energy Engineering at the Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney was in response to predictions, now being fulfilled, of dramatic global market and employment growth. They were developed by the well established photovoltaics research group at UNSW that has produced many important advances, including two commercially important solar cell technologies. Materials-related education in these programs are mainly focussed on the photovoltaic aspects, including study of the fundamental optical, electronic, phononic and excitonic properties of silicon, crystal structure, semiconductor properties, doping and contacts. Cell manufacturing is taught in detail, including by the use of an interactive virtual production line. Practical projects, taking advantage of a large and active research group, are one of the most important and effective educational tools in both these programs. The Centre also administers postgraduate coursework and research programs.
Self-reported alcohol consumption in the Irish community dwelling elderly
- Elaine Greene, Irene Bruce, Conal Cunningham, Davis Coakley, Brian A Lawlor
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 20 / Issue 3 / September 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 77-79
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- September 2003
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Objectives: To examine the associations of self-reported alcohol consumption in a community based sample of elderly subjects.
Methods: A total of 518 non-institutionalised community dwelling elderly identified from general practice registers were interviewed in their own homes using the Geriatric Mental State (GMS-AGECAT), the Mini-Mental State Examination and the sociodemographic questionnaire. Physical health was rated on a six-point scale. Self reported alcohol consumption was recorded in units per week. The group was then divided according to the presence or absence of excessive alcohol consumption (ie. consumption of over 14 units per week for females and 21 units per week for males). Results were analysed using multivariate regression analysis with excessive alcohol consumption as the dependent variable.
Results: The mean age of the sample was 73 (range 65-95), 63% (n = 329) were female. Thirty-six per cent of the population were abstinent and 7% reported excessive alcohol consumption. Analysis of the data revealed no association between excessive alcohol consumption and diagnosis, age, cognitive function or poor physical health. Excess consumption was found to be significantly associated with gender (male) and widowed status (p < 0.001, p = 0.013 respectively).
Conclusions: As alcohol misuse is commonly missed in the elderly identifying high risk groups is important for the development of intervention strategies. Our results suggest that elderly widowers may be more at risk than their peers of alcohol misuse.
Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarf Candidates in the NGC 1333 Molecular Cloud
- Bruce Wilking, Ayman Mikhail, Glenn Carlson, Michael R. Meyer, Thomas Greene
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 211 / 2003
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- 26 May 2016, pp. 97-102
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- 2003
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We present an analysis of low-resolution infrared spectra for 25 brown dwarf candidates in the NGC 1333 molecular cloud. Candidates were chosen on the basis of their association with the high column density cloud core, and near-infrared fluxes and colors. We compare the depths of water vapor absorption bands in our candidate objects with a grid of dwarf, subgiant, and giant standards to determine spectral types which are independent of reddening. These data are used to derive effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities which, when combined with theoretical tracks and isochrones for pre-main sequence objects, enable us to estimate masses and ages. Depending on the models considered, a total of 9 to 20 brown dwarfs are identified with a median of age of <1 Myr.